What is Cerebral Palsy?
"Cerebral" means brain-centered while "Palsy" represents partial or total loss of movement. Cerebral palsy is a disorder of movement and posture that occurs due to injury or malfunction of the developing brain. The Injury can occur before, during or after birth, it can be caused by various factors, such as lack of oxygen in the brain, infections during pregnancy, traumatic brain injury, among others.
This group can also include people who have an acquired cerebral injury:
An acquired cerebral injury (ACI) is an injury caused in the brain since birth. There are several possible causes, such as a fall, a traffic accident, a tumour, or stroke.
Traumatic cerebral injury (TCI). Traumatic brain injuries are an acquired brain injury that is produced when a sudden trauma causes damages to the brain. They may happen when the head suddenly and violently hits an object, or when an object cuts the skull and sinks in the brain tissue. The symptoms of a TCI may be light, moderate, or severe, depending on the magnitude of the brain damage.
Sports Classification
The sports classification, in word of the International Paralympic Committee, is the cornerstone of the paralympic sports.
After the medical-technical evaluation process the Para athletes go through, they are assigned a “Sport Class”, information comprised by letter in the beginning that refer the sport and followed by a number that details the degree of disability. The higher the number (FT3), the disability is less severe, and when the number is lower (FT1) the degree of disability is higher.
The objective of the sports classification is to warrant that the development of the competition is fair between teams.
In CP Football, the team composition must always consider a class FT1 player and at most one FT3 player. The latter responds to the minimum parity conditions that must exist between the adversaries.
History
The first International CP Football competition was held in Edinburgh, Scotland, in 1978 at the third edition of the Cerebral Palsy International Games. CP Football was on the Paralympic Games sport programme from New York 1984 until Rio 2016. Brazil was the leading medal team from the Americas with 3 medals (silver at Athens 2004, and bronze at Rio 2016 and Sydney 2000).
CP football made its debut at the Parpan American Games in Rio de Janeiro in 2007. It was not held at the Guadalajara 2011 Games but has remained on the Parapan American Games sport programme since the Toronto 2015 Parapan American Games. Brazil is the leading medal team in the Parapan American Games, with 3 gold medals having defeated Argentina in the gold-silver medal match on each occasion. USA are the only team to have defeated Brazil in a round robin or knock-out match at the Lima 2019 Games.